病虫害防治新探索

通过对化学方法进行病虫害防治可导致环境及人类为害的分析,提出了利用物理学中共振原理进行病虫害防治的新思路,探讨了其应用前景。     

浅谈我市行道树存在问题及发展对策

介绍了我市行道树栽植的主要树种、比例和常见病虫害,分析了存在的问题和今后发展对策。     

对我国非林区营造速生丰产林数据的分析

杨树在我国的主要林区是以天然更新为主,人工林很少。非林区的杨树主要是以防护林为主。而随着市场对杨树的需求日益增强,大力发展杨树速生丰产林是大势所趋。本文具体分析了国外杨树栽培的成功经验和数据,并结合我国的实际情况,提出应该取长补短迅速培育杨树速生丰产林,可为我国的经济建设提供服务。     

Traditional knowledge and pest management in the Guatemalan highlands

Adoption of integrated pest management(IPM) practices in the Guatemalan highlands has beenlimited by the failure of researchers andextensionists to promote genuine farmer participationin their efforts. Some attempts have been made toredress this failure in the diffusion-adoptionprocess, but farmers are still largely excluded fromthe research process. Understanding farmers'agricultural knowledge must be an early step toward amore participatory research process. With this inmind, we conducted a semi-structured survey of 75Cakchiquel Maya farmers in Patzún, Guatemala, tobegin documenting their pest control practices. Theirresponses revealed that their understanding ofbiological and curative pest control is limited.However, their broad knowledge of cultural preventivepest control practices could explain why they hadfaced few pest problems in their traditionalmilpa (intercrop of corn, beans, and other edibleplants). The majority of these preventive practicesare probably efficient and environmentallyinnocuous.     

国有用材林害虫和害鼠的定量测报模型

收集了黑龙江省４个国有林区（哈尔滨、牡丹江、佳木斯和伊春林区）３９个林业局１１种主要害虫和１类害鼠的发生资料和气象资料。这１１种害虫和１类害鼠基本代表了黑龙江林区的虫害和鼠达发生的优势种类。通过相关分析和多元线性回归。建立了２１个预报模型。模型的Ｆ检验相关系数为０．８５以上。回报准确率达８５％以上。这些模型可用于黑龙江省国有林区主要害虫和害鼠发生量趋势预报。     

麦田害虫与天敌群落动态变化研究

2008年3月15日至5月29日系统调查了冬小麦田害虫与天敌的种群数量动态,并利用相对丰富度、优势度指数、优势集中性指数、多样性指数和均匀度分析了害虫与天敌群落动态变化及时间生态位。结果表明:麦田昆虫群落组成较为丰富,由11目39科59种昆虫组成;优势种为麦长管蚜(Macrosiphum avenae)、麦圆叶爪螨(Penthaleus major)、龟纹瓢虫(Propylea japonica)和麦蚜茧蜂(Ephedrus plagiator)。群落的总个体数和丰富度随调查时间而变化;多样性指数与均匀度指数在小麦生长前期较低,中期和后期较高,两者变化规律基本一致,而优势集中性指数变化趋势与其相反。在害虫种群中以棉铃虫(Helicoverpa armigera)种内竞争最为激烈,条斑叶蝉(Psammotettix striatus)的竞争最缓和;棉铃虫与麦长管蚜种间竞争最强,其次为麦圆叶爪螨与小麦叶蜂(Dolerus tritici)。在天敌种群中以七星瓢虫(Coccinella septempunctata)种内竞争最为激烈,麦蚜茧蜂的种内竞争最为缓和;龟纹瓢虫分别与七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫(Leis axyridis)在时间维度上的竞争较为激烈,而麦蚜茧蜂分别与龟纹瓢虫、七星瓢虫和异色瓢虫的竞争比较缓和。从害虫种群与天敌种群之间的重叠值看,异色瓢虫和七星瓢虫对棉铃虫的控制作用较强,而麦蚜茧蜂和龟纹瓢虫则对麦田主要害虫麦长管蚜、条斑叶蝉和小麦潜叶蝇(Phytomyza nigra)等的跟随和控制作用均较强。     

Susceptibility of European bread and durum wheat cultivars to Tilletia indica

Representative European wheat cultivars were tested under quarantine containment for their susceptibility to Tilletia indica, the cause of Karnal bunt of wheat. Fifteen winter and 15 spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) and 11 durum wheat ( Triticum durum ) cultivars were inoculated by boot injection just prior to ear emergence to test their physiological susceptibility. Selected cultivars were then re-tested by spray inoculation after ear emergence to determine their morphological susceptibility, which is a better predictor of field susceptibility. At maturity, the ears and seeds were assessed for incidence and severity of disease. For the physiological susceptibility tests, 13/15 winter wheat cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 32%. For spring cultivars, 13/15 cultivars were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 1 to 48%. For the durum cultivars, 9/11 were infected and the percentage of infected seeds ranged from 2 to 95%. Across all cultivars, 35/41 were infected. Based on historical Karnal bunt susceptibility categories using coefficients of infection, one cultivar was classed as highly susceptible, three as susceptible, 11 as moderately susceptible, 20 as resistant and only six as highly resistant. The spray-inoculation morphological susceptibility tests broadly confirmed the physiological susceptibility results, although lower levels of infection were observed. Overall, the range of susceptibility was similar to that found in cultivars grown in Karnal bunt affected countries. The results demonstrate that European wheat cultivars are susceptible to T. indica and thus could potentially support the establishment of T. indica if introduced into Europe.     

盆栽榕树害螨为害情况及其田间防控药剂测定

以福建漳州盆栽榕树种植示范基地为观测和试验点,调查分析害螨的为害症状、发生种类和优势种动态时间格局,测定7种药剂对害螨的田间防治效果。结果表明：盆栽榕树种植区的害螨种类有4个科6个属6种,优势种为桔全爪螨;优势种种群动态时间格局分为5类,依次经历发展期、第1高峰期、衰退期、第2高峰期和越冬期。7种药剂对害螨均有一定的防治效果,无药害,15％哒螨灵乳油和73％克螨特乳油对害螨具有较好的速效性,药后1 d防效超过73.00％;11％乙螨唑悬浮剂、24％螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、24％螺螨酯悬浮剂和73％克螨特乳油能持续     

重庆永川自然生长茶园昆虫-天敌资源

通过对重庆市永川区自然生长茶园定时调查,发现茶园害虫-天敌2纲18目67科97种,其中天敌有2纲33科54种.茶园天敌中蜘蛛目14科16种;膜翅目天敌寄生蜂共7科13种,研究发现,陷阱法对诱捕蟋蟀和蜚蠊效果较好,而使用黄盘可以较好的引诱寄生蜂,认为永川茶园害虫及其天敌种类比较丰富.     

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of farmers on rodent pests and their management in the lowlands of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Philippines

A survey of the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of 100 rice farmers and 50 coconut farmers was conducted in the coastal lowland agro-ecosystems of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, Luzon, Philippines to identify current rodent management practices and to understand the extent of rat damage and the attitudes of farmers to community actions for rodent management. Pests were most commonly listed as one of the three most important rice and coconut production constraints. Other major crop production constraints were typhoons and insufficient water. Farmers consider rats to be the major pest of coconut and of rice during the wet season rice crop, with average yield losses of 3.0% and 13.2%, respectively. Rice and coconut farmers practised a wide range of rodent management techniques. These included scrub clearance, hunting and trapping. Of the 42 rice farmers and 3 coconut farmers that applied rodenticides to control rodents, all used the acute rodenticide, zinc phosphide. However, only ten rice farmers (23.8%) applied rodenticides prior to the booting stage and only seven farmers (15.6%) conducted pre-baiting before applying zinc phosphide. The majority of farmers belonged to farmer organisations and believed that rat control can only be done by farmers working together. However, during the last cropping season, less than a third of rice farmers (31.2%) applied rodent management as a group. In order to reduce the impact of rodents on the farmers of the coastal lowlands of the Sierra Madre Biodiversity Corridor, integrated management strategies need to be developed that specifically target the pest rodents in a sustainable manner, and community actions for rodent management should be promoted.